Why Did America Change Its Mind About Prohibition Essay Example For Students

Why Did America Change Its Mind About Prohibition Essay ProhibitionThroughout history, the need and presence of governing forces have always existed. Governments, by the use of legislation, make choices in the best interest of the people. The Nineteenth Century was popular for the great amounts of alcohol that the average person consumed. Such popularity spawned and entire social movement against alcohol. This movement was called the Noble Experiment. Although it failed to directly ban alcohol, the movement contributed by electing many reformers who would change the face of America in the early Twentieth Century. In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution prohibited the use and sale of alcohol in the United States. Although it was created with good intentions, the law provided an opportunity for organized crime families to come into power. The temperance and reform movements of the late Nineteenth Century and early Twentieth Century were partitioned into many small groups. The two most influential groups; however, were the Anti -Saloon League and the Womens Christian Temperance Union. Women at this time were unhappy because men were drinking extremely too much, and women could legally do nothing about it. Since women at this time could not file for divorce, they had no other choice but to try get rid of alcohol altogether (Blocker 10-13). This was not only the first major womens movement in history (Cayton 2139), but also one of the largest nonviolent movements of the modern world (Behr 35-36). Other than World War I, prohibition was the biggest issue in the country. As prohibition approached, people stored their liquor in large quantities in warehouses or banks. Judge John Knox of New York put an end to this by decreeing that any alcohol stored outside of ones home was unlawful and therefore subject to seizure (Blocker 21-24). Few things could have caused such a panic as this did. People rushed to return their liquor home by any means possible. The official date of prohibition was growing near and times w ere tense. Bootleggers found refuge in the Bahamas where they were able to distill large amounts of alcohol and sell it for good prices. Many distillers acquired large stocks immediately before prohibition by doing this (Behr 79-81). We will write a custom essay on Why Did America Change Its Mind About Prohibition specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now January 16, 1920, the night before prohibition became active, did not fulfill the expectation that it would be an outrageous and wild night. It turned out to be rather dull. There were no crowds on the streets of Manhattan; there were no drunken parades down the streets of Broadway. In spite of a few lavish farewell parties, one would think it was just another night of the year. Thomas Carnegie described the event in the New York Times; the spontaneous orgies of drink that were predicted failed in large part to occur on schedule. Instead of passing from us in violent paroxysms, the rum demon lay down to a painless, peaceful, though lamented by some, death.On January 17, 1920, as written in the Eighteenth Amendment, prohibition became apart of the Constitution and America went dry. The Eighteenth Amendment, though written by Wayne Wheeler, was given the nickname of the Volstead Act because Andrew Volstead introduced it to Congress (Coffey 45). The Senate passed the Act on August 1, 19 17; the House of Representatives passed it on December 18 of the same year (Lucas 55-56). Once passed in both houses of Congress, President Wilson vetoed the Amendment. Congress overturned the presidents veto on the same day, but one more obstacle remained. The Supreme Court voted on prohibition soon after. By one vote it was regarded as constitutional (Behr 77-79). Next, it needed to be ratified by thirty-six states. Mississippi leads the states by being the first to ratify in 1918, and Nebraska followed the next year as the thirty-sixth state to ratify (Lucas 55-56). The details of prohibition were explained in the Eighteenth Amendment. Most importantly, the act determined that no one could make, sell, trade, transport, import, export, deliver, or own liquor unless authorized to do so. It also replaced any previous state legislation against alcohol (Behr 77-79). Furthermore, it defined alcohol as anything with an alcohol content of 0.5 or more (Cayton 2139). The act authorized a f ew situations in which someone could have alcohol. One was allowed to have alcohol for medicinal purposes, even though it was frowned upon by most of the medical field at that time. Alcohol was also legal as sacramental wine, industrial alcohol, flavoring extracts, syrups, vinegar, and near beer. The government would allow some breweries to stay in business producing this near beer, which was less that 0.5 percent alcohol. These brewers faced fines and jail time if they abused these privileges. Generally, the Eighteenth Amendment did not work well because it underestimated peoples will to break the law, their ability to produce and sell liquor illegally, and because it was enforced poorly. The Twenty-first Amendment repealed prohibition after only twelve years (Behr 78-80). Prohibition, for many, was a gateway to power. The opportunities to become rich and powerful were abundant (Behr 88). This temptation drove such criminals as Al Capone to power. With the rise of this new, undergr ound class, corruption grew. Politics became an occupation whereas gangsters with the highest bid employed politicians. It seemed that everyone was breaking the law; the consumption and selling of liquor had actually risen since prohibition started. One could buy alcohol simply by walking down a certain street, or buy going to an illegal saloon known as a speakeasy. Alcohol was also easier to acquire now than it was before prohibition. During the 1920s, the act of drinking somewhat changed. People began to drink only hard liquor because it was readily available, it required less to get drunk, and because it was the easiest for distillers to make (Cayton 2140). Since virtually all alcohol was now illegal, distillers no longer needed to abide by alcohol safety standards. This meant that hard liquor was now, more than ever, dangerous. The deaths due to cirrhosis of the liver increased sharply in the 1920s and were perhaps the biggest indications that the consumption of alcohol had rise n (Jones internet). Crime prevailed over prohibition primarily because the law was too difficult to enforce (Coffey 65). In addition to dealing with the new age criminals that it created, Prohibition Agents attempted to regulate any liquor which was brought into the country (Jones internet). Underground crime bosses became greedier and more ruthless (Behr 176-177). Because they had judges, police, and politicians in their pockets, these crime bosses did not need to hide what they were doing (Jones internet). Hijackings of liquor between gangs were common and usually lead to street wars. Police, for the most part, paid little attention to these wars unless public property was destroyed or civilians were injured. Nearly eight hundred gangsters were killed in a single decade (Behr 176-177). The most infamous crime boss of the 1920s, and perhaps of all time, was Alphonse Capone. Capone was born in Italian New York; he grew up around thug types and became apart of a gang at a young age. Following the mysterious retirement of boss Johnny Torrio, Capone became the man in charge of the Torrio gang. His business became crime and death. Although a keen player of public relations, the true Al Capone symbolized everything evil that prohibition could be (Lucas 68). Capone dominated the illegal enterprises of bootlegging and prostitution. His gang, at one time, totaled over two thousand thugs (Jones internet). He was care free when it came to dealing with the police; he neither made serious efforts to conceal his actions, nor was he even aware that a special group of Prohibition Agents had been assigned to gather enough evidence to put him behind bars. In 1931 the efforts of Eliot Ness and the rest of his task force, the untouchables, paid off. Al Capone was convicted on numerous counts of tax evasion and was sent to prison for eight years. In 1939 he was released from prison, but his health had been broken. He died less that eight years later (Lucas 70). .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .postImageUrl , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:hover , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:visited , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:active { border:0!important; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:active , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: HRIS EssayProhibition was also a burden on the economy. The government was forced to spend millions of dollars convicting and incarcerating prohibition violators (Jones internet). Since alcohol became an illegal market, the government no longer received taxes on liquor that was purchased. The bootlegging industry became on of the richest in the country, worth billions of dollars per year. The economy is the most important part of a Free Enterprise system, and the damage done to the United States economy, due to prohibition, in the 1920s was one of the major reasons for the Twenty-first Amendment. The Twenty-first Amendment repealed prohibition in 1932, only twelve years since its unpopular installation in 1920 (Cayton 2140). In this case, the peoples will to have alcohol was greater that the governments ability to enforce a law against it. Ideally, a society should be governed without being controlled. Works CitedBehr, Edward. Thirteen Years that Changed America. Boston: Arcade Publishers, 1996. Blocker, Jack S. American Temperance Movements: Cycles of Reform. Boston:Twayne Publishers, 1989. Cayton, Mary Kupiec, et. al. The Second Campaign Against Liquor and the Noble Experiment. Encyclopedia of American Social History. New York: Smith Publishers, 1985. Coffey, Thomas M. The Long Thirst: Prohibition in America. New York: Norton, 1975. Johnson, George E. Al Capone. Courtroom Television Network LLC. Sept. 19, 2002. . Jones, Chris. Economic and Social Effects of Prohibition. Nov. 26, 2001. Got Essays? Sept. 19, 2002. . Lucas, Eileen. The Eighteenth and Twenty-first Amendments: Alcohol, Prohibition, and Repeal. Springfield, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 1998.

Benifits of Human Cloning essays

Benifits of Human Cloning essays There are many benefits to the development of human cloning. Cloning of cells and genes has been a foundation in the development of many new drugs. These drugs can benefit many people suffering from heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and many other diseases. There have been many discussions about cloning in agriculture and laboratory animals since the announcement of Dolly. Cloning technology is being used today in agriculture to produce an improved quality and higher yield of fruits and vegetables. Livestock animals have been cloned using the method of embryo splitting techniques. The use of nuclear transfer technology will likely bring more improvements to transgenic livestock animals. The protein in the milk of these animals are being tested for use in humans. Nuclear transfer technology offers the potential of developing many medical benefits. Many biotechnology companies are producing these cloned animals to test life-threatening diseases. Mice can be tested for some of the diseases that affect humans. These treatments can help develop quicker human therapeutics. Using the cloned mice could increase our capability to test new treatments for diseases in humans. Animals are being bred today, whose organs may be transplanted into an individual suffering from an organ failure. Transgenic technology is being used to produce these animals, lessening the likelihood of the organ being rejected by the human patient. This could potentially make an endless supply of transplantable organs such as kidneys, livers, and hearts. Cloning of animals could also improve the efficient production of human medicines. Transgenic technology is being used today to produce therapeutic human proteins in animals milk. The protein is taken out of the milk and used to develop medicines for humans. This could potentially provide many needed medicines to humans. With...

What does 'mixed' mean in contemporary Britain Essay

What does 'mixed' mean in contemporary Britain - Essay Example When individuals become mixed in their identities and lifestyles, social (national) identity too by default become mixed. The prevailing practice of multiculturalism and the corresponding intersection of identities, based on race, nationality, ethnicity and sex, have led to the mixing of identities in the present day society in the United Kingdom. Mixedness is quite often wrongly attributed to the different heritage of individuals and communities. It is only partially true as mixedness is also the product of the contemporary society which actively mixes the identities of both individuals and communities which previously existed exclusive of each other. One could easily argue that mixedness is essentially a question of the present as it is constantly (re)produced in the present society. Mixedness happens in the present and strengthens itself through the present. For instance, when people marry persons from other communities, they actually (re)create mixedness. In other words, mixednes s is always in the making. Mixedness is not simply an ascribed status of people have hereditary status of coming from what is traditionally known as interracial mixed families. Mixedness could also be derived from the present in a vibrant multicultural society. Mixedness is constantly produced in the multiple avenues opened up by the practice of multiculturalism and an existing multiracial multicultural environment. Here, the identities are not constant and permanent. It exists in constant flux and always becoming fluid. Therefore, mixedness is not a marginal phenomenon occurs with some marginal mixed group. It is the general state of affairs of the contemporary British society. Mixedness is no more simply a question of the existence of a mixed race in the United Kingdom. The mixed groups are usually defined in terms of their commonalities, which are defined by shared inheritance, culture and beliefs. But, the idea of mixedness does not stick to mixed groups alone. Mixedness is the mainstream. In other words, the mainstream has gone mixed and it is increasingly being more mixed by a variety of social, economic and political forces. It characterises the mainstream society as everyone gets mixed in a multicultural society in one way or another. Many research studies, according to Song (2010), have proved that no mixed group in the United Kingdom is coherent both as a community and in lived-in experiences. Identity, Lifestyle and Representation The passage from modernity which was characterised by colonialism to postmodernity, defined in terms of postcolonialism has changed the outlook of British society forever. At present, â€Å"the demise of colonialism as an explicit political formation has given rise to understandings of postcoloniality and, perhaps ironically, an increased recognition of the role of colonialism in the formation of modernity† (Bhambra , 2007, p.878). In Bhambra’s scheme, the old British society was characterised by the ‘W hite malestream’ vis-a-vis the marginalised colonial subjects. The White British society existed as the product of modernity and was predominantly characterised by a homogenous White culture. But, the increased immigration from the postcolonial societies to the United Kingdom is altering the British social landscape in an unprecedented manner wherein the Whiteness did not exist as pure or as the founding culture of the British nation. The identities of British people are no more constructed against nationality, ethnicity, race or sexuality. The mixed identities of the British people are self constructed. And, it is possible to argue that the socially and culturally determined self construction of new mixed identities is induced by the

Should English be declared the official language of the United States Research Paper

Should English be declared the official language of the United States - Research Paper Example Even a great majority of the immigrants who have settled in different states learn the language in order to make it principal means of communication. However, despite all these figures, the truth is that English has never been declared as the official language of the U.S. There may be around 30 states out of the 50 that the country is composed of that have given official status to the language but at the federal level, no such legislation has been made. The irony here is that English is declared as an official language in countries where it is not the native tongue or not even used in ordinary conversations. Countries as far-flung as the interior regions of Africa such as Botswana and Swaziland and the small Pacific island-states such as Fiji and Samoa have made the language their own medium for official transactions. This may prove that English is the world’s most spoken language. However, this also highlights the irony in the fact that U.S., whose cultural influence is the m ajor factor for the spread of English as a language, has never made it official. Thesis Statement The reason why English should be declared as the official language though is based not solely on the fact that it is spoken by the most number of people in the country. It is a fact that people, even newly-arrived immigrants are conscious of the necessity to learn the language as soon as possible, knowing that business and government transactions employ it. The more important point is that language is not just a medium of communication; it is also a symbol of nationhood and of unity as a people. A country without a common language that is declared as official would certainly be wanting in terms of identity. Since English is the most commonly spoken by Americans and even by people who wish to become American citizens, it may as well be declared official. Pros and Cons of Making English the Official Language The proposal that English be made as the country’s official language is ac tually not new. In fact, arguments in favor and against this proposal have been around ever since the early days of the republic. Benjamin Franklin, one of the founding fathers, had proposed that the use of other languages should be limited other than English. It was in the latter part of the 1700s that the John Quincy Adams made concrete steps towards legislation in favor of its official status. He actually recommended that the congress create a resolution that would establish an institution that would study and improve the language’s usage in line with its being official. However, this was countered with the argument that making English official is anathema to democracy and to individual liberty, two basic principles enshrined in the Constitution. A century after the Adams’ failed attempt, President Theodore Roosevelt once again pushed for the legislation of English as an official language. Roosevelt whipped patriotic fervor in asserting his point. He said that †Å"we have but one flag† and therefore â€Å"we must also learn one language, and that language is English.† (Hogg and Denison 417) Despite the appeal to patriotism though, Roosevelt also failed to make English as an official language. Legislators and certain sectors, particularly those groups advocating the rights of immigrants, have successfully blocked such attempts for about two centuries already. Their most solid defense is the country’s evidently uncompromising stance as regards individual liberty. According to them, making

JULIO CORTAZAR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

JULIO CORTAZAR - Essay Example The picture that evokes several meanings in Roberto’s mind becomes an obsession. Roberto becomes confused, he said, â€Å"Nobody really knows who is telling it, if I am I or what actually occurred or what Im seeing... or if, simply Im telling a truth which is only my truth† (Liukkonen). Cortazar’s ‘Las Babas Del Diablo’ discovers the uncertain difference between realism and its representation, illustrating to his readers that the two are merely the mind’s perception of the experience (Coupe). The 1966 movie ‘Blow Up’ by Michelangelo Antonioni, stirred worldwide curiosity when shocking sex scenes and smoking-pot vistas were featured (Waldman). The successful movie creatively questions reality and imagination. Thomas (David Hemmings) blows up the photo of the lady (Vanessa Redgrave) and the middle-aged lover in the park and finally discovers or perceives that the lover was actually lying dead on the ground and not so far away was a man in the shadows, holding a gun. Thomas believes that he actually witnessed a murder. He is able to expose pieces of reality, however, he resists searching for the truth (Waldman). Antonioni made it clear in this film that reality is non-existent if perceived objectively. Viewers have to find out for themselves the strength of their personal understanding of the film. The movie ends with scenes wherein Thomas chooses to be with the team illusionists instead of lingering in his secluded reality (Jardine). The extensive gap between the movie and the short story ranges from the theme, the setting, the protagonist’s profession, to the message (Huddleston). Cortazar’s story which happens in Paris, tags on phantasm and passion, whereas Antonioni’s film which takes place in London, speaks of the superficial faà §ade versus realism and build around it a puzzling story of murder which is left unsolved and open to the

Economic impacts of tourism

Economic impacts of tourism Economic advantages of tourism in Poland. Once of the main economic advantages for the country from the sector of tourism is foreign exchange. Money tourists spend while in Poland creates income the county can then use to invest or fuel the development and financial advancement of other economic sectors. Before Poland joined the EU and the Euro became the official currency of all member countries. Poland accelerated its economic growth by using other currencies such as the German mark or the English pounds which tourists brought with them and were stronger against the local currency (zl). Now as it has the same currency as any other country in the Euro zone it no longer requires to accumulate foreign exchange to help transactions made with member countries. Of course foreign exchange still remains an important indicator of international tourism even though there is no foreign exchange in Europe other countries such as America, Russia and China and its people are still required to bring an amount of money from their own currency based on their length of stay. As one of the top five export categories for 83% of the worlds countries and the main source of foreign exchange earnings for 38% them. Before joining the EU Poland belonged under both these categories. Contribution to government revenues from tourism is separated into two categories. The direct contributions which are generated from income taxes, tourism employment, businesses related with tourism such as travel agencies, public boats, marinas etc. and of course from direct taxes on the traveling tourists such as departure taxes. The second category is the indirect contributions, generated from taxes and duties taxed and products and services supplied to the tourist for example accommodation and food. Leaving Poland aside for a moment and viewing this on a worldwide scale the WTO had estimated in 1998 that direct and indirect tax contribution to economies around the globe surpassed 800 billion US $. This year (2010) the WTO estimates this figure to be double. Employment generation The rapid expansion of tourism in Poland the recent years lead to a significant increase in and creation of employment. For examples Hotels alone provide around #### jobs Furthermore tourism generates jobs also directly through restaurants, means of transport, nightclubs, and travel agencies, souvenir sales and tourists attractions while it also generates jobs indirectly through the supply of goods and services sectors associated with tourism related businesses. In total tourism supports about 437,600 workers in Poland. Stimulation of infrastructure investment Since a nice country is an attractive country, tourism motivates the government to work on improving the infrastructure of destination sites which slowly spread throughout other parts of the country as well. Such improvements among others are better water systems, sewage and waste handling systems, roads, electricity, communication means and quality, transport networks and so on. These improvements of course do not only help attract tourism but benefit the life of the local population. Contribution to local economies The environment is a basic part of the assets used by the tourism industry and for that reason profit coming for the field of tourism is measured to measure the economic value of protected areas. But local revenues are not always easy to qualify as tourism related ones that happens because not all of tourist expenses are formally registered. In Poland as in any country money is also earned through informal employment, for example from street vendors, informal guides or rickshaw drivers. The positive side of informal employment however is the fact that the money theses people earn returns to the local community as they engage their own transactions as they too have to live. This money gets a great multiplier effect as it is spent over and over again. The multiplier however is not only attributed to the informal revenues any transaction between any tourist related business and the visitors or two or more business entities which purchase items or services one from another within the local economy. What has as a result the inflow of money to Polands economy from en exterior source and this money is subsequently spent again by its new owner in a different transaction and so on. In this way the market and the different sectors is fueled extra cash. For example, the tourist will take a taxi to go to his hotel, the taxi driver will then use that money to pay for a service to his car, the mechanic will use the money he gained to go to the super market, the super market will then order new stock and so on. The multiplier is itself is split into 3 categories. Direct expenditure, is when the tourist personally exchanges money for a good or service, in the hotel or at a restaurant or at a cinema etc. It is also related with tourism produced exports and with investments related to a tourism project in an area. Indirect expenditure, is the transaction made subsequently to the one described above by the new owner of the money. For example when a hotelier pays for goods or services provided by the local area like ordering food supplies or taking extra staff. Induced expenditure is the increased purchasing activity of locals due to the additional personal income resulting from the Direct expenditure of visitors. For example, the hotel employees use their wage bonuses or tips to buy something at the super market. Induced and Indirect expenditures are also called secondary expenditure. Based on this the WTO assumes that tourism generates an indirect contribution the economy which equals to 100% of the direct tourism expenses. Economic Disadvantages of tourism in Poland. Leakage The direct income from tourism oriented transactions is the amount of money that remains after subtracting taxes, profits and wages paid to sources outside of the area and imports are bought. These amounts removed from the overall amount are leakages. Fire example in the all inclusive holiday packages more or less 80% of the tourist money goes to international companies which own airlines, tour operators, hotels etc. while the locals receive very little of that money. Additionally the remaining retained income can still leave Poland through subsequent leakage or transactions the locals do with informal or wandering vendors. There are two main ways of how leakage can occur. Import Leakage, happens when the visitors expect to find or demand standards of equipment, food or beverages Poland does not produce or cant supply by itself. Champagne, feta cheese, bananas and natural gas are only some examples of industries or products Poland cant produce for various reasons or it simply does not yet have a supplying industry. Furthermore a significant amount of the income made from tourism leaves Poland again to pay for these imports. The average import related leakage is assumed to be between 40 to 50% of gross tourism earnings for small economies and between 10 to 20% for more advanced countries. Polands leakage on imports is estimated to be 36% Export leakage, international companies play a big role in this kind of leakage. Particularly in poor developing destinations they are the ones that have the required capital to invest on building of tourism infrastructure facilities and improvements. As a result the foreign investors who sponsored the construction of hotels and other facilities take their share from the tourism related revenue back to their own countries. Enclave tourism Takes place when the more developed countries try to control the tourism development in developing destinations or use that as an opportunity to increase their own incomes. As the international companies intervene with tourism activities of les advanced countries, local businesses see their chances to earn money from tourists greatly reduced. This potential revenue decreases further with the creation of more and more All-inclusive hotels and vacation packages. Since if the visitor remains for his whole stay only in the hotel which offers him all he wants (food, drink and entertainment) local market has little ways to benefit from tourism. While all inclusive packages generate big revenue little of that reaches the local economy compared to other forma of accommodation. These types of establishments also import more trying to gain cheaper prices and employ less people than normal establishments. Infrastructure costs The development of tourism costs the government and Polish taxpayers great sums of money. In order to be able to attract and host more visitors the government proceeds to improve airports, make batter roads and improve other infrastructures as well. Foreign and even local developers in most cases request tax breakers or other financial advantages which are costly procedures for the government. The public resources with will be used to cover these financed infrastructure or tax breakers accordingly reduces Polands investment in other important areas like education or health. Increase in prices Growing demand for basic services and goods from tourists results in price increases which have a negative effect on local societies as their wages remain without an according raise. Developing tourism also creates a raise in real estate demand and this has as a result the increase of constructing costs and value of land. These growing prices and a static salary make life for locals hard. Economic dependence of the local community on tourism Diversification inside an economy is evidence of health, but when a country becomes dependant for its economic survival on a single industry, this puts great stress on the industry and the people involved with it as it has to perform well. There are many developing countries which due to little ability to explore or use other resources have focused entirely on tourism for the development of their economy. There are countries like the Maldives where 83% of local work depends on tourism; such over-reliance on tourism brings a lot of risks to an economy as the economic recession, changing tourism trends and natural disasters can have devastating results on the country. Seasonal character of jobs The problems included in the seasonal nature of tourism oriented work are mainly income insecurity as when the season is over the workers are fired and have no work until the next season. But even there is no guarantee he will get reemployed next year. It is also hard for the seasonal employees to get training, employment related medical benefits or recognition for their experience and in some cases the housing and working conditions they are offered are unsatisfactory.

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Essays -- Evaluation Methods

Introduction This essay aims to cover two main focus points. The first section of this essay will take an in depth look at the major differences between two research methods – Qualitative and Quantitative. I will explore when and why they are used for specific types of research and how they apply to some types of work more effectively. The second area for this essay will be based around the research question- what factors contribute to you feeling anxious during sport or exercise? I will then go on to show that the best method to use to analyse this will be by using qualitative research, and then how it can be applied to it to extract all relevant information from it. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods The qualitative and quantitative research methods are divided by many fundamental differences. You could suggest that these two research methods represent the two different ends of a linear spectrum. Qualitative research looks to deal with the in depth, word based side of research whereas on the other end of the spectrum quantitative research works predominantly with number based research and statistics. Birley and Moreland (1998) support this by saying that â€Å"the two methodologies reflect various paradigms and that the theoretical model that each method uses to conduct the research come from different areas†. Qualitative research involves the consideration of emotions and thought processes concerning certain situations, whilst quantitative data collection sets about using statistics and numbers to determine the results (Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions). In addition, qualitative research gives a more detailed view of a situation compared to quantitative, which only collects discrete d... ... European Journal of Sport Science. 8 (3), p143. Holt, N.L and Mandigo, J.L. (2004). Coping with performance worries among youth male cricket players. Journal of sport behaviour. 27 (1) p39-57 Kerr, J and Grange, P. (2010). Physical aggression in Australian football: A qualitative study of elite athletes. Psychology of Sport & Exercise. P11 Open Coding (No date). Available from http://www.researchproposalsforhealthprofessionals.com/open_coding.htm(06/03/12) Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ‘quantitative analysis’ 2009, in Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA Silverman, D: (2006) What is qualitative research?. Interpreting qualitative data: methods for analyzing talk, text and interaction. 3rd ed., London: Sage. p.48

Maker

Fees Payment System of Red Link Institute of Science and Technology: A proposed study toward computerized Payment System Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The technology today plays a vital role in our society. It makes man work easier and fast. It lessens error of work by using machines. It reduces costs to an organization from paper works up to computerized working system. Many manual transactions can be computerized by using software applications or computer systems to make work easier and efficient.It also helps human to solve and understand complex problem and analysis such us the computational need of humans. Payroll is an example of a complex transaction because it is a critical business operation dealing with numerous accounts and produce plenty and confidential files. Applying manual procedure on a Payroll transaction involving the vast beat answer in that problem would be computer because computers can simulate enormous data and can process complex transaction in a fast and efficient way.It can generate numerous accounts and data accurately. A Computerized Payment System will not only provide accurate calculation and fast process of Payroll transaction but it will secure data through security implementation and accordingly arrange files provided by a well designed database that will produce a paperless environment. Statement of the Problems The common problem of the study is how to improve the manual processing system of monitoring of student fees payment of The Red Link Institute of Science and Technology. 1.Time consuming process for the payment The Red Link Institute of Science and Technology still using the manual method of fees payment process. A lot of jobs are assigned to the payroll maker and accounting clerk, with cause’s inconvenience to their services. In this method, it will need more time and manpower to complete the payroll of each employee. 2. Laborious payment process Nobody could admit the inescapable fact that wha t makes the manual procedure take a long time to finish the task is due to the many steps and processes to undergo.There is the collection of data such as DTR, REMITTANCES, and individual manual calculation of payroll. Individual data is transferred through sheets, encoding and double checking after calculating. All this process requires labor and effort to complete the task. 3. Misposting and understating of employee’s data The logical process of manual procedure result to too much time consumption. It often times result in misposting and understating of each employees data of plenty of files that is hard to accommodate. Objectives of the StudyThis study is intended to design and develop a Computerized Payment System for Red Link Institute of Science and Technology. Specifically, this study aims: 1†¢ To minimize the effort of the User in processing the Payment Form. 2†¢ To make an efficient and accurate computation of Payment. 3. To create a well-arranged database and to implement strong security of the system for data security. Significance of the Study The proposed system will help the accounting section. It will help to lessen the time and effort of the School staff preparing payments of Students.The System develop can accommodate changing figures and produce a paperless environment through well design database. To Proponents This study will help the proponents to enhance the ability on how to create an understandable computerized system in an easy way. This will serve to the proponents as a challenge to do a better system. To the other Researcher This study gives knowledge to the researcher on how to create a Computerized System in understandable way. This will serve as a fresh ground for the researcher whose study will be related in the field of Information Technology.

Compare and Contrast Essay Sample on Chimpanzee Vs White Cheeked Gibbon

Compare and Contrast Essay Sample on Chimpanzee Vs White Cheeked Gibbon Observation: Chimpanzee vs White Cheeked Gibbon An observation was conducted at Lincoln Park Zoo of two species of Apes. The observation was of Chimpanzee and White Cheeked Gibbon. All the observation took place in the morning when the species were active and very play full. The observation covered the characteristics of the species with their comparison and also their behaviors. Characteristics of species one-Chimpanzee Chimpanzees are classified under mammals in the order of primates. Their Latin name is Pan Troglodytes. They can reach up to 3 to 4 Â ½ feet in height and they weigh between 100 and 150 pounds. The male are heavier than the female. Baby chimpanzees seemed to way between 3 to 5 pounds. It was observed that the chimpanzees stay in group of 10 and more, the groups have more female than male and at least three children. Their bodies are thickset with long arms and short legs with no tail. The long arms grip firmly the trees when they are swinging. Their bodies are covered with long black hair except for the ears, face, fingers and toes. Some have whiskers on their chin. They also have flat face, small nose and forward facing eyes. They move in arboreal setting by swinging, clinging and climbing to branches. They use their long arms to swing from branch to branch. They have opposable thumbs except that they are shorter than those of humans. Chimpanzees are quadruped, they move on all fours. When walking, they use their knuckles for support with their finger half flexed. This movement is because of the shorter legs and longer arms. They also have opposable toes with good strength of griping. Chimps are capable of bipedal locomotion. This means that they can walk upright on two legs other than using the four limbs. They only do that when they need to carry something in their hands. They spend same time in the ground compared to the time they spend in the trees. Characteristics of specie two- White Cheeked Gibbon White Cheeked Gibbons are classified under mammals in the order of primates. Their Latin name is Nomascus leucogenys. They can reach up to 18 to 25 inches in height and they weigh between 10 and 20 pounds. The male are heavier than the female. Baby Gibbons seemed to way between 1 to 2 pounds. It was observed that the white cheeked gibbons live in small groups of five; the groups are families of male, female and their children. Their bodies are lightly built with long arms and legs with no tail. The long arms grip firmly the trees when they are swinging. Their bodies are covered with fur with their head covered with long fur. The male are black in color with a small part in the face around the cheek is covered with white fur. The female are blonde. They have a flat face and small nose. They move in arboreal setting by swinging, clinging and climbing to branches and also a style known as brachiation. They form a loose hook around the branch that allows them move through trees using hand over hand motion. They have opposable thumbs except that they are shorter than those of humans. Their long hands and limbs can allow them to cover more than 10 feet in one swing. White cheeked gibbons walk on their hind legs suspending their arms to maintain balance. They rarely stay on the ground. Comparison of the two species The two species have some similar characteristics. Both the chimps and white cheeked gibbons are of the same classification of mammals and order of primate. The both species do not have tails. They all are quadruped and bidruped. Both male of the two species are black in color. The two species both have a flat face and small nose. The two species also have some difference. The chimps are much heavier than the white cheeked gibbons. The chimps have long arms and short limbs while the white cheeked gibbons have both long arms and limbs. The chimps are covered with hair while the white cheeked gibbons are covered with fur. The chimps support themselves using the knuckles while swinging. The white cheeked gibbons on the other hand, use their arms to maintain balance by suspending them while swinging, Behavior of Chimpanzee Based on ad libitum observation, it was noted that the chimpanzees live in large groups. It was noted that they chew leaves. Chimpanzees also walk erect for short distance. It was noted that they are agile climbers and are rest less during the day. They love eating fruits and some eat insects by picking them with twigs or grass stems. The female chimps do not like to stay where the sun is direct to them. They also made various sound while jumping and swinging especially in the morning. During the focal sampling, each activity of the species was given at most 15 minutes in order to learn who they truly behave. It was observed that chimps live in large group consisting of different male and female groups. The groups were very flexible. It was observed that chimps chew leaves then dip them in water to suck out the moisture in them. They also eat lots of fruits and insects. They used twigs and grass stems to poke at ants and termite nests. Once the insects cling on them, the chimps eat them. It was observed that during the day the chimps spend their time in the ground and for short distances they walk using their limbs only. It was also observed that they built nest high up in trees by bending branches and intertwining them. Some chimps built their nests in the ground. It was observed that the female avoided direct sun. For those seen exposed, their bare skin on the bottom became swollen and pink. Most time when they were exposed to the sun, it was an indication that t hey want to mate. It was noted that the chimps like touching each other a lot and they kiss when meeting. They hold hands and groom each other. They are very friendly and maintain good relationship among themselves The female seemed to give their young ones much attention and also they help in babysitting chores. It was noted that the chimpanzees produce loud sound mainly for communication with each other. They also drum on hollow trees and clap their hands. When they are angry, they stand upright and wave their arms. They also throw branches or rocks to show they are angry. The focal sampling method of observation was much better compared to the ad libitum method. One could not that the female’s bottoms turned color. It was not expected to find the chimps kissing, something they do more often. Behavior of species two Based on ad libitum observation, it was noted that the white cheeked gibbons stay in small family groups of five or less. It was noted that they eat lots of leaves, flowers and insects. They spend all there time up in the trees swing from branch to branch. It was noted that they love swinging in very tiny branches. They love eating fruits and some eat insects by picking them with twigs or grass stems. They also made various sound while jumping and swinging. During the focal sampling, each activity of the species was given at most 15 minutes in order to learn who they truly behave. It was observed that chimps live in small; family groups consisting of two matting team and an infant. . It was observed that they eat a lot of leaves, insect and flowers. They also chased small birds. They spent most of their time up in the tree swinging and searching for food. The female seemed to give their young ones much concern. The young ones cling on their mother bottom while breastfeed. Early in the morning the gibbons produces same vocal sound, a tradition to them. It was also a sign of marking their boundaries by the males. The white cheeked gibbons like grooming each other especially the hair. It was also observed that they have a high sense of hearing. They also seemed to avoid the water when they were in the ground. The focal sampling method of observation was best to describe the behavior of the white cheeked gibbons. It was easy to note that they do not like water at all. They also did not like staying on the ground, something it was not expected. It was noted that the white cheeked bones chased bird, something unusual. It is hard to say they eat birds but why would they be chasing them. Comparison There a lot of similarities between these two species. They both produce loud sound in the morning. The female of these both two species give much attention to their young ones. The males of these both species mark their territories by producing loud and aggressive sounds. They both love grooming each other. The difference between the two species is that that the chimps stay a lot on then ground compared to the white cheeked bones which do not like at all. The chimps are used been in water unlike the white cheeked gibbons who avoid water. The chimps mate more than the white cheeked gibbons. It is also clear that chimps stay in large groups of mixed groups while the white cheeked gibbons stay in family groups. The chimps are each other, a behavior that is not seen in white checked gibbons. The white cheeked gibbons are not as friendly as the chimpanzees. The white cheeked gibbons do not build nest like the chimps. It was also noted that chimps are friendly to humans compared to the wh ite cheeked gibbons. The chimps even tend to get close to human and you may be surprised by them wanting to shake your hands. They also try interact and play with human

Describe A Life Changing Event †Scholarship Essay

Describe A Life Changing Event – Scholarship Essay Free Online Research Papers Describe A Life Changing Event Scholarship Essay Six months ago I broke my back, and it was the best thing that ever happened to me. Until that point I took much of the goodness in my life for granted. You are looking at a picture of the clamshell brace or lumbosacral support that I wore while my spine healed. It was made of unrelentingly stiff plastic. Since I had to wear it during summer vacation, it also made me very hot and uncomfortable. Ten days before my injury I ran the race of my life, and I had no idea. I was in incredible shape and ran my best times in two events without much effort. I compete in the 1500 meters and the 3000 meters, so during the races there is time to reflect somewhat. I decided to take it easy in both races and didnt push myself. I ran faster than I ever had. Ironically, in the middle of the race I considered the possibility that I was running my last race, and therefore should try harder. I dismissed the idea. If my future had been revealed to me I would have raced as if my life depended on it. I would have tried. That race haunted me all summer. Now when I tell myself that I could be running my last race, I listen. Life is too precious to waste, and not giving your all at everything you do is wasteful. Every day I try to be the best person I can be. While I was wearing the brace I wasnt supposed to run, jump, or swim. The only exercise that was approved by the doctor was taking my dog for walks in the mornings. This meant I spent much less time with my friends. They are more active than my brace allowed me to be. The first few weeks away from track were really hard. It was tough seeing other kids out enjoying themselves and competing. It was difficult not to notice kids out on the track who raced with the same mindset I used to. They obviously didnt give it everything they had. It made me so mad. My injury affected my life in ways I couldnt have predicted. When I first hurt my back I stopped drinking alcohol because I was focused on healing quickly and staying healthy. It didnt take long before I stopped looking forward to my return to drinking. In fact, I had no urge to drink at all. At first my friends bugged me for not going to parties as I used to, but after a while we didnt even see each other that much. Now we pass in the halls and we see each other at football games, but it isnt the same. I can no longer understand the mentality of focusing life around partying, around destroying your body and mind. My body deteriorated during the summer and my work in getting back into shape before track season is going to be monumental. The last thing I need is to make it harder on myself. My rationale for avoiding alcohol extends beyond track. It also became clear to me that living my life to its full potential and being held back by the consequences of drinking are mutua lly exclusive. At cross-country practices this year I worked harder than anyone else. Every time I started to feel tired and weak and considered slowing down, I reminded myself that I could be running in my last practice and if I gave up now I would regret it later. As the season progressed I advanced my position within the team, and by then end of the season I was on varsity. During the season I out-raced lots of guys who were my physical superiors. The reason for my increased performance is simple: after a race I can truthfully say that I ran as hard as I could. That is how I want to live my life: honestly, with no regrets. Research Papers on Describe A Life Changing Event - Scholarship EssayThe Spring and AutumnTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Hockey GameBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMind TravelMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesCapital Punishment

Marketing and research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing and research - Essay Example STOP D is a testing machine that is used to test if someone has PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). The machine was invented and put into implementation by a renowned clinical psychologist who has worked with PTSD patients for long. The machine works by estimating the level of trauma that a person has and the amount of distress that the person experiences, and then, calculates the PTSD of the person. The test is also able to know the right kind of medication necessary for the patient and the prescription without the psychologist having to be there in person. At the same time, the test also gives the evidence to concerning the choice of the particular medication and how to improve the recovery process (DR. Mulhall 2011). STOP D is computerized meaning that everything done is recorded in a computer and then, the computer does all the judgment using the artificial intelligence that is installed. Later the computer comes up with the best solution to the problem as detected. There are lots of advantages for the computerization of the machine. Each time the test is done the method is the same; this reduces any chance of error that might occur unlike in cases where humans were to perform the same test. Due to the computerization the test is fast and every record is recorded and given within a very short time unlike when the test was done by a person. The machine has a touch screen that is used by the patient to enter their details, and to access the medication (DR. Mulhall 2011). New products in the market such as STOP D may require a high amount of finances so as to create awareness amongst its target market. Further, looking at the product life cycle; STOP D is a newly introduced product in the market; it is most probably in its growth phase of product life cycle. This stage is characterized by high advertisements, and

International accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International accounting - Essay Example First Republic serves clients through offices in eight geographic regions." (First 2005 inside cover). From this description the reader can see that the First Republic Bank wishes to set itself apart from its competition by offering services that high net worth individuals and entities might find desirable. The bank plans on offering these services with 'extraordinary and personalized service'. Will this sense of caring show through in their reporting process, or will the statement end up being just another bunch of words mouthed by little people in dark suits with hands in their customer's pockets attempting to take every last dime they can find Comparing the description found in First Republic's annual report to the one in Commonwealth Bank's is an interesting comparison, mainly because the comparison cannot be made. Instead of containing basic information about what the company does, who it caters to and what it is doing to capture more business from those customers, it jumps right into a Chairman's message that tells how much money was made by the bank, how well they did in 2005, and how much more money they plan on making in 2006 (and for years to come). There was not one word concerning the customer. The first thing a reader notices in comparing the 2005 Annual Reports from the Commonwealth Bank (Australia) and the First Republic Bank (United States) is that one is a stodgy, black and white, basic, conservative report, while the other is a vibrant, four- color, easily read and understood creation that enhances the reader's enjoyment of what is essentially a financial report concerning a year already in the past. That the four-color report comes from the company in the United States is not necessarily surprising, but what is surprising is that a progressive country such as Australia would not foster a comparable report by one of its similar banking institutions. Of course, it could be the fact espoused by UK firms a few years ago concerning financial reports in general and the reports constraint on their ability to act. "The case financial institutions argued that the limited quality of public information, especially in financial reports, was a major constraint on their ability to act." (Holland 1999 pg. 161).There are a variety of rules that constrain financial reporting in general, and some of those rules are aimed in particular at the financial services industry. Both the First Republic and the Commonwealth annual report adhered to the majority of those general rules. Some of the rules included in both reports as espoused by the Securities Handbook and are as follows: 1). Section 210.2-01 is designed to ensure that auditors are qualified and independent of their audit clients both in fact and in appearance. 2). In determining whether an accountant is independent, the Commission will consider all relevant circumstances, including all relationships between the accountant and the audit client, and not just those relating to reports filed with the Commission. 3). Any partner, principal, shareholder, or professional employee of the accounting firm, any of his or her immediate family members, any close family member of a covered person in the firm, or